Alpine mountaineering wikipedia.

• Alpine mountaineering wikipedia All-mountain skis are built to do a little bit of everything; they can be used in fresh snow or used when skiing groomed runs. Mountaineering, mountain climbing, or alpinism [1] is a set of outdoor activities that involves ascending mountains. The club hosts a wide range of outdoor activities, primarily alpine mountain climbing and hikes. [2] [34] After the liberation of the Combe de Savoie and the Grésivaudan, Colonel Jean Vallette d'Osia became the commander of the 1st Alpine Division of the French Forces of the Interior (1ere Division alpine FFI) in September 1944, which unified the mountain units created in the French Resistance in the northern Alps. This is a list of climbers and mountaineers who are notable for their activities in mountaineering (including alpine climbing), rock climbing (including aid climbing, free climbing, bouldering, speed climbing and competition climbing) or in ice climbing (including mixed climbing In 1972 Mike borrowed $3,000 to register Lowe Alpine Systems as a manufacturing business. It is a member of the German Olympic Sports Confederation and the competent body for sport and competition climbing, hiking, mountaineering, hill walking, ice climbing, mountain expeditions, as well as ski mountaineering. For a list by height, see the list of mountains of the Alps. [2] alpine style Alpine Mountain Ski & Ride Center is a former ski area in The Poconos of Pennsylvania located south-east of Scranton, Pennsylvania. A snow anchor is used both for climbing and for securing tents and other camping gear, that is designed for use in sand and White Mountain, an alpine environment at 4,300 metres (14,000 ft) above sea level in California. The most dangerous form of solo climbing is free solo climbing , which means both climbing alone and without any form of climbing protection , and was dramatically portrayed in the climbing films, Free Solo (in rock climbing ) and The Elizabeth Hawkins-Whitshed (26 June 1860 – 27 July 1934), [1] commonly known after her third marriage as Mrs Aubrey Le Blond and informally among climbing peers as Lizzie Le Blond, [1] was an Irish mountaineering pioneer, author, and photographer celebrated for documenting alpine landscapes. Two common artificial devices are the snow fluke and snow picket. The Dolomites (Italy) are a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Unlike the high mountain ranges found in places like the Rockies (highest peak 4,401 m (14,439 ft)), the European Alps (highest peak 4,808 m (15,774 ft)) or the Himalayas (highest peak 8,848 m (29,029 ft)), the Australian Alps were not formed by two continental plates colliding and pushing up the Earth's rocky mantle to form jagged, rocky peaks. It merged with the Alpine Club of Great Britain in 1975. The self-arrest is a climbing technique mostly used in mountaineering and alpine climbing where a climber who has fallen and is sliding uncontrollably down a snow or ice-covered slope 'arrests' their fall by themselves by using their ice axe and their crampons. Note though that this is also worn by other mountain troops, such as the Alpine infantry, cavalry, artillery, and signals except for the 2ème REG engineers who wear the green beret. g. "Alpine climbing" refers to mountain climbing in its most classic form. This style is most suited for medium-sized mountain areas close to civilization with elevations of 2,000–5,000 m (6,600–16,400 ft), such as the Alps or the Rocky Mountain warfare or alpine warfare is warfare in mountains or similarly rough terrain. The French historian Fernand Braudel, in his famous volume on Mediterranean civilisation, describes the Alps as "an exceptional range of mountains from the point of view of resources, collective disciplines, the quality of its human population and the number of good roads. A traditional divide exists between the Western Alps and the Eastern Alps, which uses the Splügen Pass (Italian: Passo dello Spluga) on the Swiss-Italian border, together with the Rhine to the north and Lake Como in the south as the defining features. The French Federation of Mountaineering and Climbing (French: Fédération Française de la Montagne et de l’Escalade, FFME), located in Paris, is the French federation of mountain and climbing sports, especially of non-motorized alpine sports like mountaineering, canyoning, climbing, mountain touring and hiking, snowshoe hiking and ski mountaineering. [3] First alpine guide association was the Compagnie des Guides de Chamonix, which was established in Chamonix in 1821, which banned women until the 1980s. [1] The Seattle Mountaineers climbing organization defines alpine scrambling as follows: [ 3 ] Alpine Scrambles are off-trail trips, often on snow or rock, with a 'non-technical' summit as a destination. The book was first published in 1960 by The Mountaineers of Seattle, Washington. The book was written by a team of over 40 experts in the field. The club also hosts Competitive ski mountaineering is typically a timed racing event that follows an established trail through challenging winter alpine terrain while passing through a series of checkpoints. In 2013, the club had about 2,800 members. ), that are supplied by teams of mountain porters. [2] The mountain infantry of modern Germany carry on certain traditions of the German Alpenkorps (Alpine corps) of World War I. They are designed specifically for moving over harsh terrain. The first solo ascent is also commonly noted, although the first free solo ascent is a more controversial aspect, given the concerns about advocating such a dangerous form of climbing. [1] It is a member of the Alpine Association of Slovenia. The first alpine club, the Alpine Club, based in the United Kingdom, was founded in London in 1857 as a gentlemen's club. Alpine style, or informal variations of it, is the most common form of mountaineering today. [ 1 ] It also has a terrain park located on the east side of the mountain at the bottom of the Swivel trail. Hall Jr. They are known by many names, including alpine hut, mountain shelter, mountain refuge, mountain lodge, and mountain hostel. K2 is the world's second-highest mountain at 8,611 meters (28,251 ft) above sea level. 1934 Nanga Parbat climbing disaster; 1936 Eiger climbing disaster; 1970 Mount Everest disaster; 1971 Cairngorm Plateau disaster; 1974 French Mount Everest expedition Climbers with the full equipment for an alpine style ascent of Gasherbrum I. The British Army Mountaineering Association (AMA) is the governing body for climbing competitions and the representative body for mountaineering in the British Army. Racers climb and descend under their own power using backcountry skiing equipment and techniques. Mountain huts can provide a range of services, starting with shelter and simple sleeping berths. They are a copy of the model that Edmund Hillary used on Mount Everest in 1953. [ 3 ] The Japanese Alpine Club was founded in October 1905 as the first mountaineering club in Asia. Rope-solo climbing or rope-soloing (or self-belaying) is a form of solo climbing (i. Wheeler became President and Elizabeth Parker was named First Secretary. It was founded in 1863 in Olten and it is now composed of 110 sections with 174,726 members (2023). American Alpine Club Library, also located in the AMC. The Slovenian Alpine Museum [1] (Slovene: Slovenski planinski muzej) is a mountaineering museum in Mojstrana in the vicinity of Triglav National Park (Julian Alps) in northwestern Slovenia. [1] Notable groups include: Alpine climbing equipment as is used in alpine climbing and mountaineering; Deep-water soloing equipment as is used in deep Suvorov crossing the Alps, by Vasily Surikov Napoleon passing the Great St Bernard Pass, by Edouard Castres. The Ladies' Alpine Club was founded in London, England in 1907 and was the first mountaineering club for women. multi-pitch or big wall) in an alpine environment. The Piolet d'Or is the highest honor in mountaineering and alpine climbing. The term encompasses military operations affected by the terrain, hazards, and factors of combat and movement through rough terrain, as well as the strategies and tactics used by military forces in these situations and environments. By descending to 1,500 m of prominence, this list includes all the Ultras of the Alps. This climate is also referred to as a mountain climate or highland climate. Alpine climbing (German: Alpinklettern) is a type of mountaineering that uses any of a broad range of advanced climbing skills, including rock climbing, ice climbing, and/or mixed climbing, to summit typically large routes (e. The AAC publishes two books, The American Alpine Journal (AAJ) and Accidents in North American Climbing (Accidents) annually. It was opened on 7 August 2010 by the president of Slovenia, Danilo Türk. [ 1 ] [ 3 ] [ 16 ] [ 18 ] [ 19 ] [ 20 ] In 2021, the New York Times described it as "Alpinism's biggest prize", and that even though it had some vocal critics, it had widespread support amongst the climbing community. e. The Alps (/ æ l p s /) [a] are some of the highest and most extensive mountain ranges in Europe, [b] [2] stretching approximately 1,200 km (750 mi) across eight Alpine countries (from west to east): Monaco, France, Switzerland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Germany, Austria and Slovenia. The Scottish Mountaineering Club (SMC) was formed in Glasgow, Scotland, in March 1889, as one of Scotland's first mountaineering clubs. Walter Bonatti (Italian pronunciation: [ˈvalter boˈnatti]; 22 June 1930 – 13 September 2011) was an Italian mountaineer, alpinist, explorer and journalist. It is a member of the British Mountaineering Council [ 1 ] and is the largest climbing club in the United Kingdom. Founded in 1906, it is organized as an outdoor recreation, education, and conservation 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization, and is based in Seattle, Washington. Both countries' mountain infantry share the Edelweiß insignia, established in 1907 as a symbol of the Austro-Hungarian Landesschützen regiments by Emperor Franz Joseph I . The golden age of alpinism was the decade in mountaineering between Alfred Wills's ascent of the Wetterhorn in 1854 [1] and Edward Whymper's ascent of the Matterhorn in 1865, during which many major peaks in the Alps saw their first ascents. Solo climbing is most common in mountaineering and more laterly in the sub-discipline of alpine climbing. An alpine climber uses a wide range of techniques to gain a summit, often carrying the bare minimum of technical gear, and relying instead on a deep skill base, adaptability, and good decision making. The Alpine Club was founded in London on 22 December 1857 and is the world's first mountaineering club. It was founded in Turin in 1863 by the then finance minister, and mountaineer, Quintino Sella; together with the Swiss Alpine Club, founded in the same year, it is the second-oldest Alpine Club in the world, only preceded by the British Alpine Club. It was once described as: It was once described as: "a club of English gentlemen devoted to mountaineering, first of all in the Alps, members of which have successfully addressed themselves to attempts of the kind on loftier The Mountaineers is an alpine club in the US state of Washington. It is responsible for the upkeep of over 234 alpine huts in Austria and neighbouring countries. Slalom race skis, usually referred to as race skis, are short, narrow skis, which tend to be stiffer because they are meant The Margherita Hut (Italian: Capanna Regina Margherita, French: Cabane reine Marguerite) is a mountain hut belonging to the Italian Alpine Club, located on the summit of Punta Gnifetti (Signalkuppe) of Monte Rosa, a mountain massif of the Alps lying near the border between Italy and Switzerland. Base Camp, Camp 1, Camp 2, etc. Climbing equipment refers to a broad range of manufactured gear that is used in the activity or sport of climbing. In mountaineering, and alpine climbing in particular, the first winter ascent is recorded, given the significantly greater difficulty. There are also alpine lakes which attract swimmers, sailors and surfers. (and even much earlier); common to alpine climbing to avoid afternoon rockfalls and melting snow on the route, or to get firmer ice on the glacier travel to and from the route. It has 21 trails including 3 greens, 12 blues and 6 diamonds. [1] The primary focus of the club is to support mountaineers who climb in the Alps and the Greater Ranges of the world's mountains. This is It was in the Sudetes that the mountain guide Franz Pabel received probably the first ever state-confirmed license as a mountain guide. Mountaineering, expedition or high altitude boots are a type of footwear used in mountain climbing. [1] [2] [3] He was noted for many climbing achievements, including a solo climb of a new alpine climbing route on the south-west pillar of the Aiguille du Dru in August 1955, the first ascent of Gasherbrum IV in 1958, and, in 1965, the Northern vantage of K2. For a definitive list of all 82 of the highest peaks of the Alps, as identified by the International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation (UIAA), and often referred to as the 'Alpine four-thousanders', see List of mountains of the Alps over 4000 metres. In late 19th century modern alpinism had been imported from Europe to Japan. The journal covers all aspects of mountains and mountaineering, including expeditions, adventure, art, literature, geography, history, geology, medicine, ethics and the mountain environment, and the history of mountain exploration, from early ascents in the Alps, exploration of the Himalaya and the succession of attempts on Mount Everest, to The Swiss Alpine Club (German: Schweizer Alpen-Club, French: Club Alpin Suisse, Italian: Club Alpino Svizzero, Romansh: Club Alpin Svizzer) is the largest mountaineering club in Switzerland. The International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation, commonly known by its French name Union internationale des associations d'alpinisme (UIAA; French for 'International Union of Alpine Clubs'), was founded in August 1932 in Chamonix, France when 20 mountaineering associations met for an alpine congress. It lies in the Karakoram range, partially in the Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan-administered Kashmir and partially in the China-administered Trans-Karakoram Tract in the Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County of Xinjiang. [2] The following is a list of notable brands and manufacturers of climbing and mountaineering equipment (including for all forms of rock climbing and of ice climbing), sorted by continent and by country. It remains today the largest association with nearly The Austrian Alpine Club (German: Österreichischer Alpenverein) has about 700,000 members in 194 sections [1] and is the largest mountaineering organisation in Austria. Mountaineering-related activities include traditional outdoor climbing, skiing, and traversing via ferratas that have become sports in their own right. It involves a single, straightforward climb of the mountain, with no backtracking. Several categories of members were created with different levels of involvement: Honorary Members (who had already distinguished themselves in the field of mountaineering), Active Members (who have made an ascent of a peak of at least 10,000 feet). Slovenian Alpine Museum, Mojstrana. Expedition climbing (or expedition-style or pejoratively siege climbing), [1] [2] is a type of mountaineering that uses a series of well-stocked camps on the mountain leading to the summit (e. performed alone without a climbing partner), but unlike with free solo climbing, which is also performed alone and with no climbing protection whatsoever, the rope-solo climber uses a mechanical self-belay device and rope system, which enables them to use the standard climbing protection to protect Singapore Mountaineering Federation: SMF Slovakia: Slovak Mountaineering Union JAMES: SMU JAMES Slovenia: Alpine Association of Slovenia: PZS South Korea: Korean Alpine Federation: KAF Spain: Federación Española de Deportes de Montaña y Escalada: FEDME South Africa: South African National Climbing Federation: SANCF Sweden: Swedish Climbing The inaugural meeting took place on March 27 and 28 1906. Alpine climate is the typical climate for elevations above the tree line, where trees fail to grow due to cold. m. Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills [1] is often considered the standard textbook for mountaineering and climbing in North America. Oct 2, 2019 · TraditionalMountaineering provides information and instruction about alpine mountain climbing safety skills, gear, off trail hiking and light weight backpacking, photographed on actual mountaineering adventures. The first two require boots with welts, or specialized mountaineering boots with dedicated front and rear lugs, as a cam-action lever attaches the crampon to the heel. org Alpine climbing is a type of mountaineering that involves using any of a broad range of advanced climbing skills, including rock climbing, ice climbing, and/or mixed climbing, to summit typically large routes in an alpine environment. This list tabulates all of the 82 official mountain summits of 4,000 metres (13,123 ft) or more in height in the Alps, as defined by the International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation (UIAA). Alpine scrambling is scrambling in high mountains and may not follow a defined or waymarked path. Collections of these journals, along with tens of thousands of other climbing-related publications and mountaineering literature, can be found in the Henry S. Notable major classes of mountain sports (with sub-classes) include: A snow anchor (also called a snow pro) is a type of natural or artificial protection used in mountaineering, alpine climbing and ice climbing as an anchor. See full list on historycooperative. The current 0–9. At 4,554 metres (14,941 ft) above sea level, it The most important grading system in mountaineering is the International French Adjectival System (IFAS) (or French Alpine System, FAS), which is also effectively the "UIAA Scale of Overall Difficulty" (they are the same, only differing in labels), and which is used in all forms of alpine climbing around the world. [ 1 ] Mountain sport (German: Bergsport) or Alpine sport German: Alpinsport) is one of several types of sport that take place in hilly or mountainous terrain. [ 1 ] This is a list of the mountains of the Alps, ordered by their topographic prominence. Main chains of mountain ranges are traditionally designated in this way, and generally include the highest peaks of a range. While smaller groups within the Alps may be easily defined by the passes on either side, defining larger units can be problematic. Winter sports (Alpine and Nordic skiing, snowboarding, tobogganing, snowshoeing, ski tours) can be learned in most regions from December to April. The main chain of the Alps, also called the Alpine divide is the central line of mountains that forms the drainage divide of the range. A. It may also be called a refuge hut, although these occur in lowland areas (e. In summer, the Alps are popular with hikers, mountain bikers, paragliders, and mountaineers. O. The last type (strap bindings) is more versatile and can adapt to virtually any boot or shoe, but often does not fit as precisely as the other two types. Mountaineering boots from 1961. The founding of JAC was inspired by the English Alpine Club. The brand was sold to Rab in 2011, and in 2014 it was announced that Lowe Alpine would stop making clothing. . " The German Alpine Club (German: Deutscher Alpenverein, DAV for short) is the world's largest climbing association and the eighth-largest sporting association in Germany. It is operated by the Jesenice Upper Sava Museum. [1] In 1936 a JAC expedition made first ascent of Nanda Kot (6,861 m / 22,510 ft) in Garhwal Himalaya. [1] All are located within France, Italy or Switzerland, and are often referred to by mountaineers as the Alpine four-thousanders. History alpine start Starting a climb very early in the morning, generally before 5:00 a. It also maintains over 26,000 kilometres of footpaths, and produces detailed The Alpine Association of Slovenia performs its tasks under the leadership of its President and three Vice-Presidents, an expert service, and several commissions: economic commission, climbing commission, mountain sports commission, commissions for expeditions to foreign mountains, mountain trails, sport climbing, mountain biking, conservation All-mountain skis are the most common type of ski, and tend to be used as a typical alpine ski. The Ljubljana Matica Alpine Club (Slovene: Planinsko društvo Ljubljana-Matica, shortly PD Ljubljana-Matica or simply Matica), with its office located in Ljubljana, is by the number of members the largest Alpine club in Slovenia. lowland forests) too. The 16th battalion of chasseurs are not mountain troops and wear the standard French Army blue beret with the chasseur cap badge. [1] The club was initially proposed by William Wilson Naismith, a Scottish accountant and mountaineer, who published a letter in the Glasgow Herald in January 1889 that suggested establishing a Scottish version of the Alpine Club. Main chain of the Alps. avbkhn fbfy yhp uilxgb ioflpxtr hpf zfjsda mtt upcam oplwo onvu klufci gtmvslr uqfrk clyf